Batteries are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through a chemical reaction. They consist of one or more electrochemical cells, each containing an anode (negative electrode), a cathode (positive electrode), and an electrolyte, which facilitates the movement of ions. Batteries store energy that can be used to power electrical devices, ranging from small electronics like remote controls and smartphones to larger applications such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems. They can be classified into primary batteries, which are non-rechargeable and used until depleted, and secondary batteries, which are rechargeable and can be used multiple times. Common types of batteries include alkaline, lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, and lead-acid batteries. The performance of a battery is often assessed by its capacity (measured in ampere-hours), voltage, lifecycle, and energy density.
Solid state batteries are set to revolutionize electric vehicles, offering greater energy density, longevity, and safety by using solid electrolytes. Major companies like Panasonic, Samsung SDI, and QuantumScape lead the…